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The nation's freshly appointed prime minister, Sanae Takaichi, is set to face her primary foreign policy test as she engages with ex-President Trump for high-stakes discussions in the Japanese capital.

The agenda of their encounter is anticipated to revolve around economic and security matters, marking a pivotal juncture for Japan's ties with its influential partner.

The Notable Premiership and Global Introduction

Takaichi, who recently assumed the role of Japan's first female prime minister after securing the top position of the ruling Liberal Democratic Party, had her international introduction at the recent ASEAN summit.

But, her upcoming meeting with Trump is seen as the real challenge that will set the tone for coming bilateral relations.

Navigating Internal and Global Pressures

Takaichi confronts a potentially shaky government situation, having established a coalition that leaves her two seats short of a controlling number in the influential lower house of the Diet.

This means, her administration will depend on other lawmakers to pass legislation, adding a layer of difficulty to her leadership.

Shared Views and Diverging Policies

Takaichi holds the former president's suspicion of China's military presence in the region, but both countries have faced challenges from his "US-first" economic policies.

Recently, the former president oversaw a ceasefire deal between Thailand and Cambodia forces on the first stage of his Asia tour.

Military Build-up and Spending Pledges

Takaichi has stated her determination to accelerate Japan's military expansion, planning to increase military spending to 2% of gross domestic product by the end of March.

This move matches a long-held request from Trump and signifies the biggest defense expansion for the nation since the WWII.

Security Cooperation and Strains

The country has also taken steps to obtain "counterstrike" capabilities, including cruise missiles from the US, and intends to use locally made extended-range missiles.

However, the bilateral security treaty is still a point of tension, with the former president previously suggesting that the nation should pay more for hosting US troops on its soil.

Trade Expectations and Talks

Few anticipate significant concessions on trade issues during the visit, particularly after recent tariff adjustments provided a degree of relief to the country's export sector.

Takaichi is expected to pursue further relief by committing to increased purchases of American goods, including pickup trucks, soybeans, and gas.

Personal Chemistry and the Abe Connection

The importance Trump places on individual chemistry could benefit the PM's favor, given her close relationship with assassinated former prime minister Abe, who was one of Trump's favorite international figures.

He was the initial international figure to visit Trump after his election, and the pair built a close relationship over shared interests such as golf.

Upcoming Schedule and Regional Significance

Trump's trip to Japan will begin with a meeting with Emperor Naruhito at the Imperial Palace in the capital.

It will be succeeded by discussions with Takaichi at the state guest house, the same location where he held talks with the former leader in previous years.

Afterward, Trump will proceed to South Korea for the Apec meeting, where he is set to engage with China's leader Xi.